Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte (egg) and can be measured in the blood. Because AMH reflects ovarian reserve, levels generally decline over the reproductive years. Unlike FSH, inhibin B, and estradiol, AMH is relatively stable throughout the menstrual cycle and can be measured on any day.
People with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have more antral follicles than people without PCOS. As a result, AMH levels in people with PCOS may be two to three times higher than average.
Clinical research suggests that AMH may help predict ovarian response during ovulation induction. It can provide information alongside other markers, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B, and antral follicle count (AFC) measured by ultrasound. AMH testing can help a fertility specialist individualize treatment, anticipate a lower response, and assess the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
IVF pregnancy rates are influenced more by egg quality than by egg quantity. AMH primarily reflects ovarian reserve, or quantity, but it may also offer information about egg quality in older patients. The relationship is less clear in younger patients with diminished ovarian reserve caused by surgery or accelerated loss of oocytes related to anti-ovarian antibodies.
Despite the attention often given to AMH numbers, AMH should not be used on its own to exclude patients from IVF. Instead, it can help fertility specialists customize stimulation protocols and IVF strategies to support each patient's care.
If you have questions about AMH or your fertility options, schedule an appointment with a CRE Dallas fertility specialist or call (972) 566-6686.